Rusia: A fi sau a nu fi în OMC ?
September 25, 2012
Avantajele şi dezavantajele intrării Rusiei în OMC
Rusia este membră a Organizației Mondiale a Comerțului (OMC) cu acte în regulă de aproximativ o lună, dar efectele nu întârzie să apară. Kremlinul va avea cel puțin două dispute comerciale cu Bruxellesul în viitorul apropiat, iar Orientul Îndepărtat rus începe să se confrunte cu o concurenţă a produselor chineze, nipone și sud-coreene.
Comisarul european pentru comerţ Karel De Gucht a ameninţat Rusia că UE “va folosi toate mijloacele necesare” pentru a o determina să respecte normele OMC în domenii precum importurile de animale şi reciclarea maşinilor uzate.
De Gucht a criticat interdicţia Rusiei privind importurile de animale vii din UE, intenţia de a percepe taxe pe vehiculele importate, două cazuri anti-dumping şi un alt caz comercial în domeniul apărării, deschise de Moscova împotriva blocului comunitar în ultimele luni.
Aderarea Rusiei la OMC, după 18 ani de negocieri, servește ca obiective importante ale politicii ruse: extinderea vânzărilor ruse de cereale pe piețele din întreaga lume, participarea directă a Moscovei la negocierile privind Runda Doha și sprijinirea producătorilor ruși de oțeluri în demersul lor de a pătrunde pe piețele externe (vezi cazul Serbiei unde 3 magnaţi ruşi se luptă pentru privatizarea celui mai mare combinat de metalurgie din ţară ).
Reversul medaliei este că o parte din ramurile industriale ruseşti mai puţin dezvoltate, vor avea o concurenţă puternică nu doar în plan extern, ci şi pe piaţa internă, anulându-se tot felul de taxe şi măsuri protecţioniste. Efectul acestor rigori impuse de OMC va produce o deschidere pentru produsele occidentale în partea europeană a țării, iar Extremul Orient rus va trebui să se deschidă față de produsele chineze, japoneze și sud-coreene.
Această declarație a comisarului european survine după ce Bruxellesul a anunţat deschiderea unei anchete împotriva gigantului rus Gazprom, acuzat de abuz de poziție de monopol și de manipularea prețului gazelor naturale în anumite state din Europa de Est (Polonia, Slovacia).
Între timp, presa rusă notează că Gazpromul îşi va restructura operaţiunile europene pentru a se conforma cerinţelor Uniunii Europene în domeniul energiei şi a scăpa astfel de investigaţia Comisiei Europene (CE) referitoare la practici anti-concurenţiale. În prezent, Gazprom vinde gaze Europei prin unitatea Gazpromexport. Aceasta este unicul acţionar al Gazprom Germania, care gestionează operaţiunile grupului rus în Europa prin firme ca Britain Gazprom Marketing & Trading Limited şi Gazprom Schweiz AG, şi prin participaţii în Wingas şi Wintershall. Gazele naturale ruseşti acoperă 40% din importurile totale de gaze ale UE.
Gazprom va crea două unităţi, respectiv Gazprom Storage & Transport, care ar prelua Gazprom Germania plus infrastructura de transport şi stocare gaze, şi GMT Holding, care ar consolida operaţiunile de furnizare. Ambele divizii ar fi înregistrate în Elveţia, potrivit RBK, care citează surse apropiate situaţiei.
Grupul rus s-ar conforma astfel legislaţiei Uniunii Europene, care interzice companiilor de energie să controleze operaţiuni de distribuţie şi transport concomitent. Această regulă, în vigoare din 2009, a fost adoptată de UE pentru a încuraja concurenţa pe piaţa de energie şi a reduce dependenţa Europei de gazul rusesc. Gazprom s-a opus iniţiativei.
De asemenea, Gazprom ar fi protejat de alte investigaţii dacă îşi înregistrează cele două unităţi în Elveţia, în afara UE, potrivit Interfax.
O alternativă luată în considerare de Gazprom a fost ca grupul să preia în totalitate Gazprom Germania şi Gazprom Marketing & Trading. În acest fel însă ar fi apărut costuri adiţionale la plata dividendelor pentru Gazprom Germania.
Defense News
UK sales of arms to Israel hit record in 2017 – $294 million
LONDON/27.05.2018: United Kingdom’s defense contractors supplied Israel with record amounts of arms in 2017, The Guardian newspaper reported last Sunday.
According to the figures provided by the Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT), in 2017 the UK sold arms to Israel worth 221 million pounds ($294 million), indicating a huge increase from 86 million pounds in 2016 and 20 million pounds in 2015, The Guardian outlet reported. According to the newspaper, the list includes equipment, small arms ammunition, missiles, weapon sights and sniper rifles.
Trump accepts offer to meet Kim Jong Un
U.S. President Donald Trump said he was prepared to meet North Korea’s Kim Jong Un in what would be the first face-to-face encounter between the two countries’ leaders and potentially mark a major breakthrough in nuclear tensions with Pyongyang. “A meeting is being planned,” Trump posted on Twitter. Trump had agreed to meet by May in response to Kim’s invitation.
The White House said Trump had agreed to the encounter. “He will accept the invitation to meet with Kim Jong Un at a place and time to be determined” said White House spokeswoman Sarah Sanders.
Argentina Navy Chief fired after ARA San Juan submarine tragedy
ARGENTINA – Argentina has fired the head of its Navy a month after one of its submarines vanished with 44 crew members on board. Admiral Marcelo Eduardo Hipolito Srur was sacked by the country’s defence minister. The ARA San Juan was last heard from on November 15 when it reported a fire on board. A navy spokesperson said the message added that the issue was resolved. But it was still ordered to return to base at Mar del Plata.
The ARA San Juan has not been heard from since, despite a multi-national search effort some 250 miles off the Argentinian coast. Hopes for finding the submarine and its crew faded when the search passed 10 days, which was the amount of time the San Juan would have been able to sustain life with its limited oxygen supply.
U.S. Displays Weaponry It Says Proves Iran’s Influence
New UN report says investigators couldn’t definitively conclude missiles came from Iran. The U.S. for the first time publicly displayed what officials said were Iranian-made missiles, drones and other weaponry as proof of Tehran’s growing military influence in the Middle East.
At a hangar on an Air Force base in Washington, D.C.—where weapons remnants were on display— Nikki Haley, the U.S. ambassador to the U.N., said the debris pointed to Iran’s threat to the region. Pentagon officials exhibited the weaponry to make their case that Tehran is actively fomenting instability, arming Houthi rebels inside Yemen who in turn have used the arms against American allies, particularly Saudi Arabia. Iran has denied that it arms the Houthis.
Olli Ruutu appointed Deputy Chief Executive of the European Defence Agency (EDA)
The EDA Steering Board today appointed Mr Olli Ruutu as next Deputy Chief Executive of the Agency. He will take up his duties in March 2018.
Mr Ruutu is currently the Deputy National Armaments Director at the Finnish Ministry of Defence and Director of the Materiel Unit at the Resource Policy Department. He chairs the Defence Administration Commercial Board and the Export Control Advisory Group and is also Deputy Chairman of the Defence Materiel Steering Group, as well as a member of the Defence Forces’ Technology Board and the Defence Administration’s Industrial Cooperation Group. Also Mr Ruutu worked at the EDA between 2009 and 2014, in the Strategy and Policy Unit.
Mattis visits India to ask more help in Afghanistan
US Defense Secretary Jim Mattis was in the Indian capital on Tuesday, marking the first visit to the country by a Cabinet-level official from President Donald Trump’s administration. In meetings with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and other officials, Mattis was expected to focus discussions on security in Afghanistan, military technology and a possible deal on fighter jets. Over the weekend, the US Defense Department said that the “US views India as a valued and influential partner.” Last month, Trump urged India to help more with security efforts in Afghanistan, as Washington steps up its own military campaign against Taliban insurgents who have gained ground. (AP)
North Korea fires second ballistic missile over Japan
North Korea has fired a ballistic missile across Japan, creating new tension in the region after its nuclear bomb test less than two weeks ago. The missile reached an altitude of about 770km (478 miles), travelling 3,700km before landing in the sea off Hokkaido, South Korea’s military says. It flew higher and further than one fired over Japan late last month.
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said his country would “never tolerate” such “dangerous provocative action”. South Korea responded within minutes by firing two ballistic missiles into the sea in a simulated strike on the North. US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson also condemned the launch and the UN Security Council will meet later on Friday, 15 September 2017, in New York at the request of America and Japan.
Libya will hold election next spring
Libya’s two main rival parties announced a cease-fire on Tuesday and said they intend to hold elections next spring after they met in Paris for negotiations mediated by French President Emmanuel Macron.
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